Provider: Cable & Wireless Plc. (AS1273). Source: http://www.as1273.net object /. Provider page

C&W tagged Community Attribute Values

Introduction

The new implementation allows for a 5 digit string, following the “1273:” notation. Each
bit/digit has a pertinent value and meaning represented in the following tables (1273:xxxxx).
This was facilitated to provide the following routing information to customers
receiving a routing table from C&W via eBGP routing.

Identification of route source by

  • Customer or peer
  • Region
    • Predefined by C&W
    • Based upon physical connection point
  • Country
    • Predefined by C&W
    • Based upon physical connection point
Source of Route
The format for the second component of customer route community number (after 1273:) is set at five digits.
This fixed length allows regular expressions to be used in routing policy statements to select subsets of
customer routes. This format is 1273:SRCCC where the fields are coded in the following way.

“S” refers to ‘source’ of the route:

Source Code
Code Source
1 Customer
2 Peer
2 Upstream

Example:

      	1273:1xxxx	customer route
     	1273:2xxxx	peer route
	1273:3xxxx	upstream route
Region of Route
"R" defines the region, as specified below. Codes 7 through 0 that are not defined yet and thus
available for future region definitions. Since there are only four available region codes left, the
definition of each code shall await a need for the function it would provide.

Regional Code
Region Code
1 North America (U.S.A and Canada)
2 Europe
3 Asia (including Japan)
4 Australia
5 South America
6 Available for future region definitions
7 Available for future region definitions
8 Available for future region definitions
9 Available for future region definitions
0 Available for future region definitions

Example:

                       
	1273:11xxx	customer, North America
	1273:24xxx	peer, Australia
Contry of Route
"CCC" signifies country code defined by ISO 3166 codes for countries.
Note: Peers & upstreams use a country code of "000".

Country Code
Code Country Abbr. Country
004 AF AFGHANISTAN
008 AL ALBANIA
012 DZ ALGERIA
016 AS AMERICAN SAMOA
020 AD ANDORRA
024 AO ANGOLA
660 AI ANGUILLA
010 AQ ANTARCTICA
028 AG ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
032 AR ARGENTINA
051 AM ARMENIA
533 AW ARUBA
036 AU AUSTRALIA
040 AT AUSTRIA
031 AZ AZERBAIJAN
044 BS BAHAMAS
048 BH BAHRAIN
050 BD BANGLADESH
052 BB BARBADOS
112 BY BELARUS
056 BE BELGIUM
084 BZ BELIZE
204 BJ BENIN
060 BM BERMUDA
064 BT BHUTAN
068 BO BOLIVIA
070 BA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOWINA
072 BW BOTSWANA
074 BV BOUVET ISLAND
076 BR BRAZIL
086 IO BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY
096 BN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
100 BG BULGARIA
854 BF BURKINA FASO
108 BI BURUNDI
116 KH CAMBODIA
120 CM CAMEROON
124 CA CANADA
132 CV CAPE VERDE
136 KY CAYMAN ISLANDS
140 CF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
148 TD CHAD
152 CL CHILE
156 CN CHINA
162 CX CHRISTMAS ISLAND
166 CC COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS
170 CO COLOMBIA
174 KM COMOROS
178 CG CONGO
180 CD CONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE
184 CK COOK ISLANDS
188 CR COSTA RICA
384 CI COTE D’IVOIRE
191 HR CROATIA (local name: Hrvatska)
192 CU CUBA
196 CY CYPRUS
203 CZ CZECH REPUBLIC
208 DK DENMARK
262 DJ DJIBOUTI
212 DM DOMINICA
214 DO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
626 TP EAST TIMOR
218 EC ECUADOR
818 EG EGYPT
222 SV EL SALVADOR
226 GQ EQUATORIAL GUINEA
232 ER ERITREA
233 EE ESTONIA
231 ET ETHIOPIA
238 FK FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)
234 FO FAROE ISLANDS
242 FJ FIJI
246 FI FINLAND
250 FR FRANCE
249 FX FRANCE, METROPOLITAN
254 GF FRENCH GUIANA
258 PF FRENCH POLYNESIA
260 TF FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES
266 GA GABON
270 GM GAMBIA
268 GE GEORGIA
276 DE GERMANY
288 GH GHANA
292 GI GIBRALTAR
300 GR GREECE
304 GL GREENLAND
308 GD GRENADA
312 GP GUADELOUPE
316 GU GUAM
320 GT GUATEMALA
324 GN GUINEA
624 GW GUINEA-BISSAU
328 GY GUYANA
332 HT HAITI
334 HM HEARD AND MC DONALD ISLANDS
336 VA HOLY SEE (VATICAN CITY STATE)
340 HN HONDURAS
344 HK HONG KONG
348 HU HUNGARY
352 IS ICELAND
356 IN INDIA
360 ID INDONESIA
364 IR IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
368 IQ IRAQ
372 IE IRELAND
376 IL ISRAEL
380 IT ITALY
388 JM JAMAICA
392 JP JAPAN
400 JO JORDAN
398 KZ KAZAKHSTAN
404 KE KENYA
296 KI KIRIBATI
408 KP KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF
410 KR KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
414 KW KUWAIT
417 KG KYRGYZSTAN
418 LA LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
428 LV LATVIA
422 LB LEBANON
426 LS LESOTHO
430 LR LIBERIA
434 LY LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA
438 LI LIECHTENSTEIN
440 LT LITHUANIA
442 LU LUXEMBOURG
446 MO MACAU
807 MK MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF
450 MG MADAGASCAR
454 MW MALAWI
458 MY MALAYSIA
462 MV MALDIVES
466 ML MALI
470 MT MALTA
584 MH MARSHALL ISLANDS
474 MQ MARTINIQUE
478 MR MAURITANIA
480 MU MAURITIUS
175 YT MAYOTTE
484 MX MEXICO
583 FM MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF
498 MD MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF
492 MC MONACO
496 MN MONGOLIA
500 MS MONTSERRAT
504 MA MOROCCO
508 MZ MOZAMBIQUE
104 MM MYANMAR
516 NA NAMIBIA
520 NR NAURU
524 NP NEPAL
528 NL NETHERLANDS
530 AN NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
540 NC NEW CALEDONIA
554 NZ NEW ZEALAND
558 NI NICARAGUA
562 NE NIGER
566 NG NIGERIA
570 NU NIUE
574 NF NORFOLK ISLAND
580 MP NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
578 NO NORWAY
512 OM OMAN
586 PK PAKISTAN
585 PW PALAU
275 PS PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
591 PA PANAMA
598 PG PAPUA NEW GUINEA
600 PY PARAGUAY
604 PE PERU
608 PH PHILIPPINES
612 PN PITCAIRN
616 PL POLAND
620 PT PORTUGAL
630 PR PUERTO RICO
634 QA QATAR
638 RE REUNION
642 RO ROMANIA
643 RU RUSSIAN FEDERATION
646 RW RWANDA
659 KN SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
662 LC SAINT LUCIA
670 VC SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
882 WS SAMOA
674 SM SAN MARINO
678 ST SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
682 SA SAUDI ARABIA
686 SN SENEGAL
690 SC SEYCHELLES
694 SL SIERRA LEONE
702 SG SINGAPORE
703 SK SLOVAKIA (Slovak Republic)
705 SI SLOVENIA
090 SB SOLOMON ISLANDS
706 SO SOMALIA
710 ZA SOUTH AFRICA
239 GS SOUTH GEORGIA & SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS
724 ES SPAIN
144 LK SRI LANKA
654 SH ST. HELENA
666 PM ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON
736 SD SUDAN
740 SR SURINAME
744 SJ SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN ISLANDS
748 SZ SWAZILAND
752 SE SWEDEN
756 CH SWITZERLAND
760 SY SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
158 TW TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
762 TJ TAJIKISTAN
834 TZ TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF
764 TH THAILAND
768 TG TOGO
772 TK TOKELAU
776 TO TONGA
780 TT TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
788 TN TUNISIA
792 TR TURKEY
795 TM TURKMENISTAN
796 TC TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
798 TV TUVALU
800 UG UGANDA
804 UA UKRAINE
784 AE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
826 GB UNITED KINGDOM
840 US UNITED STATES
581 UM UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS
858 UY URUGUAY
860 UZ UZBEKISTAN
548 VU VANUATU
862 VE VENEZUELA
704 VN VIET NAM
092 VG VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH)
850 VI VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)
876 WF WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS
732 EH WESTERN SAHARA
887 YE YEMEN
891 YU YUGOSLAVIA
894 ZM ZAMBIA
716 ZW ZIMBABWE

Example:

	
	1273:11840	customer, North America, United States
	1273:22000   	Peer, Europe, Italy
	1273:31000	Upstream provider, North America, United States

Customer tagable Community Attribute Values

Prepend/Suppression Community Attribute Values (1273:3PPPN)
Introduction

Cable & Wireless allows customers to control certain traffic flows off-net with the implementation of community
attribute values that prepend route/prefix paths with additional AS hops. These community attribute values, which the
customer applies, affects the way C&W peers choose the degree of preference of a given prefix/route, because the
number of AS hops within the route-path has been lengthened.

Format
The format for the second component of customer route community number (after 1273:) is set at five digits.
This fixed length allows regular expressions to be used in applying a defined number of prepends to a given route/prefix
path. This format is 1273:3PPPN, where the fields are coded in the following way.
(Note: The first digit of the second component is always “3” then followed by variables of the “PPP” and “N”
variables which are defined in the following tables.)
Variables

The "PPP" variable cross references off-net connections of C&W, defined in the following tables.
(Note, this will always be a three digit value.)

  • European peer PPP codes: (PPP values 100-200)
    PPP Code Peer Name Peer AS Number
    000 All Peers & upstreams
    200 MCI Europe AS702/AS12702
    199 Global Crossing AS3549
    198 SWIPNET AS1257
    197 Tiscali AS3257
    196 Telia AS1299
    195 France Telecom AS5511
    194 Swisscom AS3303
    193 COLT AS8220
    192 Eircom AS5466
    191 Abovenet AS6461
    190 DTAG AS3320
    189 Arcor Mannesmann AS3209
    188 AT&T EMEA AS2686
    187 DFN AS680
    186 Global Access AS13129
    185 Globix AS4513
    184 I-Primus AS5427
    183 Mobilcom AS5430
    182 Regionet AS8319
    181 Telenor AS8210
    180 Tesion AS15717
    179 BT Ignite AS8472
    178 Telefonica AS12956
    177 Microsoft AS8086
    176 Teleglobe AS6453
    175 Reach AS4637
    174 KPN Eurorings AS286
    173 BBC AS2818
    172 BT AS5400
    171 Bredband AS8642
    170 Yahoo Europe AS15635
    169 MANDA AS8365
    168 AUCS/Infonet AS3300
    167 UPC Distribution Services AS6830
    166 UTA.AT United Telekom Austria AS8437
    165 Cablecom GmbH AS8404
    164 Verio AS2914
    163 LINX AS5459
    162 Net Access AS8001
    161 Telecom Italia Sparkle AS6762
    160 Interroute AS8928
    159 R-KOM Regensburger Telekommunikation AS12611
    158 Cogent AS174
    157 Schlund AS8560
    156 Hurricane Electric AS6939
    155 SongNetworks AS3246
    154 PCCWBtN AS3491
    153 Lambdanet AS13237
    152 Versatel AS8881
    151 Akamai Technologies AS20940
    150 Google AS15169
    149 Cable & Wireless UK AS5388
    148 Sara AS1126
    147 Giganews AS30094
  • American peer PPP codes: (PPP values 001-099)
    PPP Code Peer Name Peer AS Number
    099 TTSG Internet Services AS13945
    098 Datapipe AS14492
    097 ISPRIME AS23393
    096 Primus Canada AS6407
    094 HopOne AS14361
    092 nLayer AS4436
    091 Webair AS27257
    090 Ezzi.net AS15149
    089 Tellurian AS10848
    088 DALnet AS31800
    087 New York Internet AS11403
    086 Microsoft AS8075
    084 eBay AS11643
    083 SBC Internet AS7132
    082 RCN AS6079
    081 Yahoo America AS10310
    080 PCH AS42
    079 PCH AS3856
    078 Cox AS22733
    077 Akamai Technologies AS12222
    076 Rogers Cable AS812
    075 Rackspace.com AS27357
    074 MTS-Allstream Inc AS15290
    073 Group Telecom AS6539
    072 Adelphia communication AS19548
    070 Shaw Cablesystems/Big Pipe Inc. AS6327
    071 Broadwing AS6395
    069 Thorn Communications AS12124
    068 Limelight Networks AS22822
    067 Stealth Communications AS8002
    066 TMT Warner AS4323
    065 TDS AS4181
    064 Host.net AS13645
    063 Terremark AS23148
    062 Prolexic AS32787
    061 Renesys AS64597
    060 Mzima AS25973
    059 Peer1 AS13768
    058 Atlantech Online AS7784
    057 Netifice Communications AS4565
    056 NTELOS AS7795
    055 Electric Lightwave AS5650
    054 ESnet AS293
    053 IIJ AS2497
    052 TWGATE AS9505
    051 China Telecom AS4134
    050 Doubleclick AS6432
    049 McLeod USA AS7228
    048 Earthlink AS4355
    047 Electronic Arts AS14891
    046 Carpathiahost AS29748
    045 Edge Networks AS19029
    044 GNAP AS1784
    043 Real Connect AS16559
    042 BBC AS9156
    041 Walmart AS17374
    040 Comsat International AS7908
    039 Cable Vision AS6128
    038 Servercentral AS23352
    037 WV Fiber AS19151
    036 VOXEL AS29791
    035 Choopa AS20473
    034 US LEC AS1785
    010 IDC Japan AS4694
  • Peering point PPP codes: (PPP values 970-989)
    PPP Code Peering Point Name Peering Point Location
    989 AMSIX Amsterdam, NL
    988 DECIX Frankfurt, DE
    987 INXS-HBG Hamburg, DE
    986 INXS-MUC Munich, DE
    985 LINX London, UK
    984 PARIX Paris, FR
    983 INEX Dublin, IE
    975 NAP of the Americas Miami, FL, US
    974 PAIX Palo Alto, CA, US
    973 LAIIX Los Angeles, CA, US
    972 Equinix Ashburn, VA, US
    971 PAIX NY New York, NY, US
    970 NYIIX New York, NY, US
  • Upstream PPP codes: (PPP values 990-998)
    PPP Code Upstream Name Upstream AS number
    998 Savvis Communications AS3561
    996 Level 3 AS3356
    995 Sprint AS1239
  • The “N” variable cross references the number of prepends, defined in the following table.

    Allowable values of N:

    Value Effect
    0 Do not announce to selected peer
    1 Prepend 1x to selected peer
    2 Prepend 2x to selected peer
    3 Prepend 3x to selected peer
    9 Announce to this peer only (also announces to customers)
Examples
  • 1273:32000 – Do not announce to MCI Europe (AS702)
  • 1273:31752 – Prepend twice to Reach (AS4637)
  • 1273:39963 – Prepend three times to Level 3 Upstream connection (AS3356)

Please note that mixing a ‘prepend to IXP’ community with a ‘prepend to specific peer’ community may not have the intended effect.
Prepending once to LINX and once to BT will lead to the route being prepended once to BT at LINX, whereas prepending an unequal number of times
to an IXP and a peer at that IXP will lead to the sum of the prepends being added (e.g. prepending once to LINX and twice to BT will lead to three prepends being sent to BT at LINX).
For this reason it is not recommended to mix specific and general prepend communities on the same routes.

C&W Blackhole Community Attribute Values (1273:666)

For customers that have a host or block under a DDoS, the affected host/block can be advertised to AS1273 with community string 1273:666.
This will cause all traffic to that host/block to be black-holed at the core of the AS1273 network.This action will trigger emails sent to
the appropriate security and operations groups for notification purposes.
After advertising the prefix with 1273:666, the customer may open a ticket to request further assistance with their Cable & Wireless
management agency, or open a ticket via email to trouble@eu.cw.net
Once the attack has been mitigated, the customer will be responsible for removing the prefix from being advertised. Cable & Wireless
will not be held responsible for customers who errantly advertise prefixes with the blackhole community string.

C&W local preference alteration communities
  • The local-preference hierarchy within C&W AS1273 is as follows
    Value Effect
    100 Customers (BGP and injected static)
    90 Backup customer connections
    80 Peers
    75 Transit/Upstream Providers
    70 Last resort customer connections
  • The following communities can be sent to influence the local-preference of a customer route
    Value Effect
    1273:90 Sets local preference value within AS1273 to 90
    1273:80 Sets local preference value within AS1273 to 80
    1273:70 Sets local preference value within AS1273 to 70
    1273:no-export Prevents this route from being announce to any AS1273 EBGP peer
    1273:no-advertise Prevents this route from being announced to any AS1273 EBGP or IBGP peer

    Cable & Wireless Customer Support Server